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<table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">TF</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;width:43px"><a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">Ortholog search: <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=Q921I1%20or%20P02787%20or%20H7C5E8">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:Q921I1,P02787,H7C5E8">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="text-align:center"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4X1D">4X1D</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1A8E">1A8E</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1A8F">1A8F</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1B3E">1B3E</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1BP5">1BP5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1BTJ">1BTJ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1D3K">1D3K</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1D4N">1D4N</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1DTG">1DTG</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1FQE">1FQE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1FQF">1FQF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1JQF">1JQF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1N7W">1N7W</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1N7X">1N7X</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1N84">1N84</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1OQG">1OQG</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1OQH">1OQH</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1RYO">1RYO</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1SUV">1SUV</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2HAU">2HAU</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2HAV">2HAV</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2O7U">2O7U</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2O84">2O84</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3FGS">3FGS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3QYT">3QYT</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3S9L">3S9L</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3S9M">3S9M</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3S9N">3S9N</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3SKP">3SKP</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3V83">3V83</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3V89">3V89</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3V8X">3V8X</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3VE1">3VE1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4H0W">4H0W</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4X1B">4X1B</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5DYH">5DYH</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/11740">TF</a></span>, PRO1557, PRO2086, TFQTL1, HEL-S-71p, transferrin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/190000">190000</a>; <a href="Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:98821">98821</a>; <a href="HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=68153">68153</a>; <a href="GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TF">TF</a>; <a href="Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000091513">TF - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Chromosome_3_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 3 (human)">Chromosome 3 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 193.02397201419px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 199px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">3q22.1</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">133,746,040 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">133,796,641 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">Chromosome 9 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 237.97626170035px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 244px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">9 F1|9 55.03 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">103,081,200 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">103,107,643 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000091513">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">inferior ganglion of vagus nerve</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">corpus callosum</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">superior vestibular nucleus</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">endothelial cell</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">pons</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">middle frontal gyrus</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">inferior olivary nucleus</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">C1 segment</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">ventral tegmental area</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">optic nerve</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000032554">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">left lobe of liver</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">retinal pigment epithelium</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">human fetus</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">white adipose tissue</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">transitional epithelium of urinary bladder</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">utricle</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">yolk sac</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">left lung lobe</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">deep cerebellar nuclei</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000091513">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/7018/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008199">ferric iron binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046872">metal ion binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0015091">ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008198">ferrous iron binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1990459">transferrin receptor binding</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034986">iron chaperone activity</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0055037">recycling endosome</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031982">vesicle</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1990712">HFE-transferrin receptor complex</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005770">late endosome</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0072562">blood microparticle</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045178">basal part of cell</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030139">endocytic vesicle</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009986">cell surface</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009925">basal plasma membrane</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031232">extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005769">early endosome</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016324">apical plasma membrane</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048471">perinuclear region of cytoplasm</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005905">clathrin-coated pit</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034774">secretory granule lumen</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010008">endosome membrane</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005615">extracellular space</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030665">clathrin-coated vesicle membrane</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031410">cytoplasmic vesicle</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005788">endoplasmic reticulum lumen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048260">positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071281">cellular response to iron ion</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031647">regulation of protein stability</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0033572">transferrin transport</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0055072">iron ion homeostasis</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002576">platelet degranulation</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006811">ion transport</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001895">retina homeostasis</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006826">iron ion transport</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006879">cellular iron ion homeostasis</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0061024">membrane organization</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043687">post-translational protein modification</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006810">transport</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034755">iron ion transmembrane transport</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034756">regulation of iron ion transport</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=7018&rn=1">7018</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=22041&rn=1">22041</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000091513;db=core">ENSG00000091513</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000032554;db=core">ENSMUSG00000032554</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P02787">P02787</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q921I1">Q921I1</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001063">NM_001063</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001354704">NM_001354704</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001354703">NM_001354703</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_133977">NM_133977</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001054">NP_001054</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001341633">NP_001341633</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001341632">NP_001341632</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_598738">NP_598738</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr3:133746040-133796641">Chr 3: 133.75 – 133.8 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr9:103081200-103107643">Chr 9: 103.08 – 103.11 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class=""><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class=""><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14860550" class="extiw external" title="d:Q14860550">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14860551" class="extiw external" title="d:Q14860551">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>
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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Transferrin</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;">Transferrin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00405">PF00405</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001156">IPR001156</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00182">PDOC00182</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1lcf">1lcf</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1lcf">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1lcf">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>
</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00405?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF00405">ECOD</a>
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF00405%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF00405">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF00405">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF00405">structure summary</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Transferrins</b> are <a href="Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">glycoproteins</a> found in <a href="Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a> which bind and consequently mediate the transport of <a href="Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> (Fe) through <a href="Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">blood plasma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crichton_1987_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crichton_1987-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are produced in the <a href="Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> and contain binding sites for two <a href="Iron(III)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron(III)">Fe<sup>3+</sup></a> ions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human transferrin is encoded by the <i>TF</i> <a href="Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> and produced as a 76 <a href="Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">kDa</a> glycoprotein.<sup id="cite_ref-Yang_1984_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yang_1984-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kawabata_2019_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawabata_2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Transferrin <a href="Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">glycoproteins</a> bind iron tightly, but reversibly. Although iron bound to transferrin is less than 0.1% (4 mg) of total body iron, it forms the most vital iron pool with the highest rate of turnover (25 mg/24 h). Transferrin has a molecular weight of around 80 <a href="Atomic_mass_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic mass unit">kDa</a> and contains two specific high-affinity <a href="Fe(III)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fe(III)">Fe(III)</a> binding sites. The affinity of transferrin for Fe(III) is extremely high (<a href="Association_constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Association constant">association constant</a> is 10<sup>20</sup> M<sup>−1</sup> at pH 7.4)<sup id="cite_ref-Aisen_1978_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aisen_1978-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but decreases progressively with decreasing <a href="PH" title="PH">pH</a> below neutrality. Transferrins are not limited to only binding to iron but also to different metal ions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These glycoproteins are located in various bodily fluids of vertebrates.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_1998_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray_1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dewan_1993_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dewan_1993-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some invertebrates have proteins that act like transferrin found in the <a href="Hemolymph" title="Hemolymph">hemolymph</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_1998_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray_1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baker_1992_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_1992-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>When not bound to iron, transferrin is known as "apotransferrin" (see also <a href="Apoenzyme" class="mw-redirect" title="Apoenzyme">apoprotein</a>).
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence_and_function">Occurrence and function</h2></div>
<p>Transferrins are glycoproteins that are often found in biological fluids of vertebrates. When a transferrin protein loaded with iron encounters a <a href="Transferrin_receptor" title="Transferrin receptor">transferrin receptor</a> on the surface of a <a href="Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a>, e.g., erythroid precursors in the bone marrow, it binds to it and is transported into the cell in a <a href="Vesicle_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesicle (biology)">vesicle</a> by <a href="Receptor-mediated_endocytosis" title="Receptor-mediated endocytosis">receptor-mediated endocytosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Halbrooks_2003_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halbrooks_2003-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pH of the vesicle is reduced by hydrogen ion pumps (<a href="V-ATPase" title="V-ATPase"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> ATPases</a>) to about 5.5, causing transferrin to release its iron ions.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_1998_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray_1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iron release rate is dependent on several factors including pH levels, interactions between lobes, temperature, salt, and chelator.<sup id="cite_ref-Halbrooks_2003_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halbrooks_2003-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The receptor with its <a href="Ligand" title="Ligand">ligand</a> bound transferrin is then transported through the <a href="Endocytic_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocytic cycle">endocytic cycle</a> back to the cell surface, ready for another round of iron uptake.
Each transferrin molecule has the ability to carry two iron ions in the <a href="Ferric" title="Ferric">ferric</a> form (<span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3+</sup><br><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_1992_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_1992-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humans_and_other_mammals">Humans and other mammals</h3></div>
<p>The <a href="Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> is the main site of transferrin synthesis but other tissues and organs, including the brain, also produce transferrin. A major source of transferrin secretion in the brain is the <a href="Choroid_plexus" title="Choroid plexus">choroid plexus</a> in the <a href="Ventricular_system" title="Ventricular system">ventricular system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moos_2002_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moos_2002-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main role of transferrin is to deliver iron from absorption centers in the <a href="Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a> and white blood cell <a href="Macrophages" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophages">macrophages</a> to all tissues. Transferrin plays a key role in areas where erythropoiesis and active cell division occur.<sup id="cite_ref-Macedo_2008_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macedo_2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The receptor helps maintain iron <a href="Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">homeostasis</a> in the cells by controlling iron concentrations.<sup id="cite_ref-Macedo_2008_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macedo_2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> coding for transferrin in humans is located in <a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a> band 3q21.<sup id="cite_ref-Yang_1984_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yang_1984-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Medical professionals may check serum transferrin level in <a href="Iron_deficiency_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron deficiency (medicine)">iron deficiency</a> and in <a href="Iron_overload_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron overload disorder">iron overload disorders</a> such as <a href="Hemochromatosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemochromatosis">hemochromatosis</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_species">Other species</h3></div>
<p><i><a href="Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">Drosophila melanogaster</a></i> has three transferrin genes and is highly divergent from all other model clades, <i><a href="Ciona_intestinalis" title="Ciona intestinalis">Ciona intestinalis</a></i> one, <i><a href="Danio_rerio" class="mw-redirect" title="Danio rerio">Danio rerio</a></i> has three highly divergent from each other, as do <i><a href="Takifugu_rubripes" title="Takifugu rubripes">Takifugu rubripes</a></i> and <i><a href="Xenopus_tropicalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenopus tropicalis">Xenopus tropicalis</a></i> and <i><a href="Gallus_gallus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallus gallus">Gallus gallus</a></i>, while <i><a href="Monodelphis_domestica" class="mw-redirect" title="Monodelphis domestica">Monodelphis domestica</a></i> has two divergent <a href="Ortholog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortholog">orthologs</a>, and <i><a href="Mus_musculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mus musculus">Mus musculus</a></i> has two relatively close and one more distant ortholog. Relatedness and orthology/<a href="Paralog" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralog">paralogy</a> data are also available for <i><a href="Dictyostelium_discoideum" title="Dictyostelium discoideum">Dictyostelium discoideum</a></i>, <i><a href="Arabidopsis_thaliana" title="Arabidopsis thaliana">Arabidopsis thaliana</a></i>, and <i><a href="Pseudomonas_aeruginosa" title="Pseudomonas aeruginosa">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gabaldon_2013_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabaldon_2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>
<p>In humans, transferrin consists of a polypeptide chain containing 679 <a href="Amino_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Amino acids">amino acids</a> and two carbohydrate chains. The protein is composed of <a href="Alpha_helix" title="Alpha helix">alpha helices</a> and <a href="Beta_sheet" title="Beta sheet">beta sheets</a> that form two <a href="Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">domains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stedwards_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stedwards-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The N- and C- terminal sequences are represented by globular lobes and between the two lobes is an iron-binding site.<sup id="cite_ref-Dewan_1993_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dewan_1993-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="Amino_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Amino acids">amino acids</a> which bind the iron ion to the transferrin are identical for both lobes; two <a href="Tyrosines" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrosines">tyrosines</a>, one <a href="Histidine" title="Histidine">histidine</a>, and one <a href="Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">aspartic acid</a>. For the iron ion to bind, an <a href="Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> is required, preferably <a href="Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">CO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-stedwards_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stedwards-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baker_1992_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker_1992-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Transferrin also has a transferrin iron-bound <a href="Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptor</a>; it is a disulfide-linked <a href="Homodimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Homodimer">homodimer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Macedo_2008_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macedo_2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In humans, each monomer consists of 760 amino acids. It enables <a href="Ligand" title="Ligand">ligand</a> bonding to the transferrin, as each <a href="Monomer" title="Monomer">monomer</a> can bind to one or two atoms of iron. Each monomer consists of three domains: the protease, the helical, and the apical domains. The shape of a transferrin receptor resembles a butterfly based on the intersection of three clearly shaped domains.<sup id="cite_ref-stedwards_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stedwards-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two main transferrin receptors found in humans denoted as transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2). Although both are similar in structure, TfR1 can only bind specifically to human TF where TfR2 also has the capability to interact with <a href="Bovinae" title="Bovinae">bovine</a> TF.<sup id="cite_ref-Kawabata_2019_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawabata_2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Transferrin bound to its receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14980223_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14980223-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Transferrin receptor complex.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17420467_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17420467-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immune_system">Immune system</h2></div>
<p>Transferrin is also associated with the <a href="Innate_immune_system" title="Innate immune system">innate immune system</a>. It is found in the <a href="Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosa">mucosa</a> and binds iron, thus creating an environment low in free iron that impedes bacterial survival in a process called iron withholding. The level of transferrin decreases in inflammation.<sup id="cite_ref-Ritchie_1999_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ritchie_1999-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_disease">Role in disease</h2></div>
<p>An increased plasma transferrin level is often seen in patients with iron deficiency <a href="Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>, during pregnancy, and with the use of oral contraceptives, reflecting an increase in transferrin protein expression. When plasma transferrin levels rise, there is a reciprocal decrease in percent transferrin iron saturation, and a corresponding increase in <a href="Total_iron-binding_capacity" title="Total iron-binding capacity">total iron binding capacity</a> in iron deficient states<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>A decreased plasma transferrin level can occur in iron overload diseases and protein malnutrition. An absence of transferrin results from a rare genetic disorder known as <a href="Atransferrinemia" title="Atransferrinemia">atransferrinemia</a>, a condition characterized by anemia and <a href="Hemosiderosis" title="Hemosiderosis">hemosiderosis</a> in the heart and liver that leads to heart failure and many other complications as well as to H63D syndrome.
</p><p>Studies reveal that a transferrin saturation (serum iron concentration ÷ total iron binding capacity) over 60 percent in men and over 50 percent in women identified the presence of an abnormality in iron metabolism (Hereditary hemochromatosis, heterozygotes and homozygotes) with approximately 95 percent accuracy. This finding helps in the early diagnosis of Hereditary hemochromatosis, especially while serum <a href="Ferritin" title="Ferritin">ferritin</a> still remains low. The retained iron in Hereditary hemochromatosis is primarily deposited in parenchymal cells, with reticuloendothelial cell accumulation occurring very late in the disease. This is in contrast to transfusional iron overload in which iron deposition occurs first in the reticuloendothelial cells and then in parenchymal cells. This explains why ferritin levels remain relative low in Hereditary hemochromatosis, while transferrin saturation is high.<sup id="cite_ref-Bacon_2011_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bacon_2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Transferrin and its receptor have been shown to diminish <a href="Tumour_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumour cells">tumour cells</a> when the receptor is used to attract <a href="Antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibodies">antibodies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Macedo_2008_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macedo_2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transferrin levels have been shown to be a promising indicator for diagnosing <a href="Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">ovarian cancer</a> and cancer-associated functional <a href="Iron_deficiency" title="Iron deficiency">iron deficiency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transferrin_and_nanomedicine">Transferrin and nanomedicine</h2></div>
<p>Many drugs are hindered when providing treatment when crossing the blood-brain barrier yielding poor uptake into areas of the brain. Transferrin glycoproteins are able to bypass the <a href="Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">blood-brain barrier</a> via receptor-mediated transport for specific transferrin receptors found in the brain capillary endothelial cells.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this functionality, it is theorized that <a href="Nanoparticles_for_drug_delivery_to_the_brain" title="Nanoparticles for drug delivery to the brain">nanoparticles</a> acting as drug carriers bound to transferrin glycoproteins can penetrate the blood-brain barrier allowing these substances to reach the diseased cells in the brain.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advances with transferrin conjugated nanoparticles could lead to non-invasive drug distribution in the brain with potential therapeutic consequences of <a href="Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> (CNS) targeted diseases (e.g. <a href="Alzheimer's_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's</a> or <a href="Parkinson's_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's</a> disease).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_effects">Other effects</h2></div>
<p><a href="Carbohydrate_deficient_transferrin" title="Carbohydrate deficient transferrin">Carbohydrate deficient transferrin</a> increases in the blood with heavy <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> consumption and can be monitored through laboratory testing.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharpe_2001_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharpe_2001-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Transferrin is an acute phase protein and is seen to decrease in inflammation, cancers, and certain diseases (in contrast to other acute phase proteins, e.g., C-reactive protein, which increase in case of acute inflammation).<sup id="cite_ref-Jain_2011_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jain_2011-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathology">Pathology</h2></div>
<p><a href="Atransferrinemia" title="Atransferrinemia">Atransferrinemia</a> is associated with a deficiency in transferrin.
</p><p>In nephrotic syndrome, urinary loss of transferrin, along with other serum proteins such as thyroxine-binding globulin, gammaglobulin, and anti-thrombin III, can manifest as iron-resistant <a href="Microcytic_anemia" title="Microcytic anemia">microcytic anemia</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference_ranges">Reference ranges</h2></div>
<p>An example <a href="Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests#Other_electrolytes_and_metabolites" title="Reference ranges for blood tests">reference range</a> for transferrin is 204–360 mg/dL.<sup id="cite_ref-southwest_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southwest-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laboratory test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test.
</p>
<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>
<p>A high transferrin level may indicate an <a href="Iron_deficiency_anemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron deficiency anemia">iron deficiency anemia</a>. Levels of <a href="Serum_iron" title="Serum iron">serum iron</a> and <a href="Total_iron_binding_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Total iron binding capacity">total iron binding capacity</a> (TIBC) are used in conjunction with transferrin to specify any abnormality. See <a href="TIBC" class="mw-redirect" title="TIBC">interpretation of TIBC</a>. Low transferrin likely indicates <a href="Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2></div>
<p>Transferrin has been shown to <a href="Protein-protein_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-protein interaction">interact</a> with <a href="Insulin-like_growth_factor_2" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2">insulin-like growth factor 2</a><sup id="cite_ref-Storch_2001_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storch_2001-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="IGFBP3" title="IGFBP3">IGFBP3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weinzimer_2001_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinzimer_2001-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transcriptional regulation of transferrin is upregulated by <a href="Retinoic_acid" title="Retinoic acid">retinoic acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsu_1992_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsu_1992-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_proteins">Related proteins</h2></div>
<p>Members of the family include blood serotransferrin (or siderophilin, usually simply called transferrin); <a href="Lactotransferrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactotransferrin">lactotransferrin</a> (lactoferrin); milk transferrin; egg white <a href="Ovotransferrin" title="Ovotransferrin">ovotransferrin</a> (conalbumin); and membrane-associated <a href="Melanotransferrin" title="Melanotransferrin">melanotransferrin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Beta-2_transferrin" title="Beta-2 transferrin">Beta-2 transferrin</a></li>
<li><a href="Transferrin_receptor" title="Transferrin receptor">Transferrin receptor</a></li>
<li><a href="Total_iron-binding_capacity" title="Total iron-binding capacity">Total iron-binding capacity</a></li>
<li><a href="Transferrin_saturation" title="Transferrin saturation">Transferrin saturation</a></li>
<li><a href="Ferritin" title="Ferritin">Ferritin</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invitria.com/products/optiferrin-recombinant-human-transferrin/">Optiferrin recombinant human transferrin</a></li>
<li><a href="Atransferrinemia" title="Atransferrinemia">Atransferrinemia</a></li>
<li><a href="Hypotransferrinemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypotransferrinemia">Hypotransferrinemia</a></li>
<li><a href="HFE_H63D_gene_mutation" title="HFE H63D gene mutation">HFE H63D gene mutation</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHershbergerLarsonArnoldRosteck1991" class="citation journal cs1">Hershberger CL, Larson JL, Arnold B, Rosteck PR, Williams P, DeHoff B, et al. (December 1991). "A cloned gene for human transferrin". <i>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>646</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">140–</span>154. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991NYASA.646..140H">1991NYASA.646..140H</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1991.tb18573.x">10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb18573.x</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1809186">1809186</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19519911">19519911</a>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFBowmanYangAdrian1989" class="citation book cs1">Bowman BH, Yang FM, Adrian GS (1989). <i>Transferrin: Evolution and Genetic Regulation of Expression</i>. Advances in Genetics. Vol. 25. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>38. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0065-2660%2808%2960457-5">10.1016/S0065-2660(08)60457-5</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-12-017625-0</bdi>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3057819">3057819</a>.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFParkkinenvon_BonsdorffEbelingSahlstedt2002" class="citation journal cs1">Parkkinen J, von Bonsdorff L, Ebeling F, Sahlstedt L (August 2002). "Function and therapeutic development of apotransferrin". <i>Vox Sanguinis</i>. <b>83</b> (Suppl 1): <span class="nowrap">321–</span>326. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1423-0410.2002.tb05327.x">10.1111/j.1423-0410.2002.tb05327.x</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12617162">12617162</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5876134">5876134</a>.</cite></li></ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Transferrin">Transferrin</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li>
<li>Overview of all the structural information available in the <a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> for <a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-kb/proteins/P02787">P02787</a></i> (Serotransferrin) at the <a href="PDBe-KB" title="PDBe-KB">PDBe-KB</a>.</li></ul>
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</style><div id="PDB_gallery11" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">PDB gallery</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul class="nochecker gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="line-height:130%">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1a8e</b>: HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN, RECOMBINANT N-TERMINAL LOBE</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1a8f</b>: HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN, RECOMBINANT N-TERMINAL LOBE</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1b3e</b>: HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN, N-TERMINAL LOBE, EXPRESSED IN PICHIA PASTORIS</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1bp5</b>: HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN, RECOMBINANT N-TERMINAL LOBE, APO FORM</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1btj</b>: HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN, RECOMBINANT N-TERMINAL LOBE, APO FORM, CRYSTAL FORM 2</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1d3k</b>: HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1d4n</b>: HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1dtg</b>: HUMAN TRANSFERRIN N-LOBE MUTANT H249E</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1fqe</b>: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF MUTANT (K206A) THAT ABOLISH THE DILYSINE INTERACTION IN THE N-LOBE OF HUMAN TRANSFERRIN</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1fqf</b>: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF MUTANT (K296A) THAT ABOLISH THE DILYSINE INTERACTION IN THE N-LOBE OF HUMAN TRANSFERRIN</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1jqf</b>: Human Transferrin N-Lobe Mutant H249Q</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1n7w</b>: Crystal Structure of Human Serum Transferrin, N-Lobe L66W mutant</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1n7x</b>: HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN, N-LOBE Y45E MUTANT</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1n84</b>: HUMAN SERUM TRANSFERRIN, N-LOBE</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1oqg</b>: Crystal structure of the D63E mutant of the N-lobe human transferrin</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1oqh</b>: Crystal Structure of the R124A mutant of the N-lobe human transferrin</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1ryo</b>: Human serum transferrin, N-lobe bound with oxalate</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>1suv</b>: Structure of Human Transferrin Receptor-Transferrin Complex</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>2hau</b>: Apo-Human Serum Transferrin (Non-Glycosylated)</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>2hav</b>: Apo-Human Serum Transferrin (Glycosylated)</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>2o7u</b>: Crystal structure of K206E/K296E mutant of the N-terminal half molecule of human transferrin</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><b>2o84</b>: Crystal structure of K206E mutant of N-lobe human transferrin</div>
</li>
</ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Carrier_proteins,_metalloproteins:_Non-heme_iron_protein79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><div id="Carrier_proteins,_metalloproteins:_Non-heme_iron_protein79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Carrier_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier protein">Carrier proteins</a>, <a href="Metalloprotein" title="Metalloprotein">metalloproteins</a>: <a href="Non-heme_iron_protein" title="Non-heme iron protein">Non-heme iron protein</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">heme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ferritin" title="Ferritin">Ferritin</a>
<ul><li><a href="Bacterioferritin" title="Bacterioferritin">Bacterioferritin</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Lactoferrin" title="Lactoferrin">Lactoferrin</a></li>
</ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">nonheme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hemerythrin" title="Hemerythrin">Hemerythrin</a></li>
<li><a href="Inositol_oxygenase" title="Inositol oxygenase">Inositol oxygenase</a></li>
<li><a href="Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_protein" title="Iron–sulfur protein">Iron–sulfur protein</a></li>
<li><a href="Lipoxygenase" title="Lipoxygenase">Lipoxygenase</a></li>
<li><a href="Tyrosine_hydroxylase" title="Tyrosine hydroxylase">Tyrosine hydroxylase</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Globular_proteins272" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><div id="Globular_proteins272" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Globular_protein" title="Globular protein">Globular proteins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">Serum</a> <a href="Globulin" title="Globulin">globulins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="Alpha_globulin" title="Alpha globulin">Alpha globulins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold"><a href="Serpin" title="Serpin">serpins</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Alpha_globulin#Alpha_1_globulins" title="Alpha globulin">alpha-1</a> (<a href="Alpha_1-antichymotrypsin" title="Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin">Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin</a>, <a href="Alpha_1-antitrypsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha 1-antitrypsin">Alpha 1-antitrypsin</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Alpha_globulin#Alpha_2_globulins" title="Alpha globulin">alpha-2</a> (<a href="Alpha_2-antiplasmin" title="Alpha 2-antiplasmin">Alpha 2-antiplasmin</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Antithrombin" title="Antithrombin">Antithrombin</a> (<a href="Heparin_cofactor_II" title="Heparin cofactor II">Heparin cofactor II</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold"><a href="Carrier_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier protein">carrier proteins</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>alpha-1 (<a href="Transcortin" title="Transcortin">Transcortin</a>)</li>
<li>alpha-2 (<a href="Ceruloplasmin" title="Ceruloplasmin">Ceruloplasmin</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Retinol_binding_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Retinol binding protein">Retinol binding protein</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold">other:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>alpha-1 (<a href="Orosomucoid" title="Orosomucoid">Orosomucoid</a>)</li>
<li>alpha-2 (<a href="Alpha-2-Macroglobulin" title="Alpha-2-Macroglobulin">alpha-2-Macroglobulin</a>, <a href="Haptoglobin" title="Haptoglobin">Haptoglobin</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="Beta_globulins" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta globulins">Beta globulins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold"><a href="Carrier_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier protein">carrier proteins</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Sex_hormone-binding_globulin" title="Sex hormone-binding globulin">Sex hormone-binding globulin</a></li>
<li><br></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold">other:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Angiostatin" title="Angiostatin">Angiostatin</a></li>
<li><a href="Hemopexin" title="Hemopexin">Hemopexin</a></li>
<li><a href="Beta-2_microglobulin" title="Beta-2 microglobulin">Beta-2 microglobulin</a></li>
<li><a href="Factor_H" title="Factor H">Factor H</a></li>
<li><a href="Plasmin" title="Plasmin">Plasminogen</a></li>
<li><a href="Properdin" title="Properdin">Properdin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="Gamma_globulin" title="Gamma globulin">Gamma globulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Antibody" title="Antibody">Immunoglobulins</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Fibronectin" title="Fibronectin">Fibronectin</a> (fFN: <a href="Fetal_fibronectin" title="Fetal fibronectin">Fetal fibronectin</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Macroglobulin" title="Macroglobulin">Macroglobulin</a>/<a href="Microglobulin" title="Microglobulin">Microglobulin</a></li>
<li><a href="Transcobalamin" title="Transcobalamin">Transcobalamin</a></li>
<li><a href="Edestin" title="Edestin">Edestin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other globulins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Beta-lactoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-lactoglobulin">Beta-lactoglobulin</a>
<ul><li><a href="Lactoferrin" title="Lactoferrin">Lactoferrin</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Thyroglobulin" title="Thyroglobulin">Thyroglobulin</a></li>
<li><a href="Alpha-lactalbumin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-lactalbumin">Alpha-lactalbumin</a></li>
<li><a href="11S_globulin_family" title="11S globulin family">11S globulin family</a></li>
<li>7S seed storage protein</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="Albumin" title="Albumin">Albumins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="Egg_white" title="Egg white">Egg white</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Conalbumin" class="mw-redirect" title="Conalbumin">Conalbumin</a></li>
<li><a href="Ovalbumin" title="Ovalbumin">Ovalbumin</a></li>
<li><a href="Avidin" title="Avidin">Avidin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="Serum_albumin" title="Serum albumin">Serum albumin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Human_serum_albumin" title="Human serum albumin">Human serum albumin</a></li>
<li><a href="Bovine_serum_albumin" title="Bovine serum albumin">Bovine serum albumin</a></li>
<li><a href="Transthyretin" title="Transthyretin">Prealbumin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="C-reactive_protein" title="C-reactive protein">C-reactive protein</a></li>
<li><a href="Lactalbumin" title="Lactalbumin">Lactalbumin</a> (<a href="Alpha-lactalbumin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-lactalbumin">Alpha-lactalbumin</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Parvalbumin" title="Parvalbumin">Parvalbumin</a></li>
<li><a href="Ricin" title="Ricin">Ricin</a></li>
<li><a href="Vitamin_D-binding_protein" title="Vitamin D-binding protein">Vitamin D-binding protein</a></li>
<li><a href="Extracellular_matrix_protein_1" title="Extracellular matrix protein 1">Extracellular matrix protein 1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite"><div><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><i>see also</i> disorders of globin and globulin proteins</li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Acute-phase_proteins57" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><div id="Acute-phase_proteins57" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Acute-phase_protein" title="Acute-phase protein">Acute-phase proteins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="Amyloid" title="Amyloid">Amyloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Serum_amyloid_P_component" title="Serum amyloid P component">SAP</a></li>
<li><a href="Serum_amyloid_A" title="Serum amyloid A">SAA</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other positive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Alpha_1-antichymotrypsin" title="Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin">Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin</a></li>
<li><a href="Alpha_1-antitrypsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha 1-antitrypsin">Alpha 1-antitrypsin</a></li>
<li><a href="Alpha_2-macroglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha 2-macroglobulin">Alpha 2-macroglobulin</a></li>
<li><a href="C-reactive_protein" title="C-reactive protein">C-reactive protein</a></li>
<li><a href="Ceruloplasmin" title="Ceruloplasmin">Ceruloplasmin</a></li>
<li><a href="C3_(complement)" class="mw-redirect" title="C3 (complement)">C3</a></li>
<li><a href="Ferritin" title="Ferritin">Ferritin</a></li>
<li><a href="Fibrin" title="Fibrin">Fibrin</a></li>
<li><a href="Haptoglobin" title="Haptoglobin">Haptoglobin</a></li>
<li><a href="Haptoglobin-related_protein" title="Haptoglobin-related protein">Haptoglobin-related protein</a></li>
<li><a href="Hemopexin" title="Hemopexin">Hemopexin</a></li>
<li><a href="Orosomucoid" title="Orosomucoid">Orosomucoid</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Negative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Human_serum_albumin" title="Human serum albumin">Serum albumin</a></li>
</ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metabolism:_Metal_metabolism94" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Metabolism:_Metal_metabolism94" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Metabolism" title="Metabolism">Metabolism</a>: <a href="Bioinorganic_chemistry" title="Bioinorganic chemistry">Metal metabolism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">Transition metal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Iron_metabolism98" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron metabolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Absorption in<br>duodenum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Iron(II)_oxide" title="Iron(II) oxide">Iron(II) oxide</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="DMT1" class="mw-redirect" title="DMT1">DMT1 (SLC11A2)</a></li>
<li><a href="Ferritin" title="Ferritin">Ferritin</a></li>
<li><a href="Hephaestin" title="Hephaestin">Hephaestin</a>/<a href="Ferroportin" title="Ferroportin">Ferroportin (SLC11A3/SLC40A1)</a></li>
<li> to <a href="Transferrin_receptor" title="Transferrin receptor">Transferrin receptor</a>
<ul><li><a href="Transferrin_receptor" title="Transferrin receptor">TFR1</a></li>
<li><a href="Transferrin_receptor" title="Transferrin receptor">TFR2</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Iron(III)_oxide" title="Iron(III) oxide">Iron(III) oxide</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Duodenal_cytochrome_B" title="Duodenal cytochrome B">Duodenal cytochrome B</a></li>
<li><a href="Integrin" title="Integrin">Integrin</a></li>
<li><a href="Calreticulin" title="Calreticulin">Calreticulin/mobilferrin</a></li>
<li><a href="Ferritin" title="Ferritin">Ferritin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Iron-binding_proteins:26" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Iron-binding_proteins" title="Iron-binding proteins">Iron-binding proteins</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ferritin" title="Ferritin">Ferritin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hepcidin" title="Hepcidin">Hepcidin</a>/<a href="HAMP" class="mw-redirect" title="HAMP">HAMP</a></li>
<li><a href="Hemojuvelin" title="Hemojuvelin">Hemojuvelin</a></li>
<li><a href="Iron-responsive_element-binding_protein" title="Iron-responsive element-binding protein">Iron-responsive element-binding protein</a>
<ul><li><a href="Aconitase" title="Aconitase">Aconitase</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Ceruloplasmin" title="Ceruloplasmin">Ceruloplasmin</a></li>
<li><a href="HFE_(gene)" title="HFE (gene)">HFE</a></li>
<li><a href="Hemosiderin" title="Hemosiderin">Hemosiderin</a></li>
<li><a href="Lactoferrin" title="Lactoferrin">Lactoferrin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Copper_in_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper in health">Copper metabolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="ATP7A" title="ATP7A">ATP7A</a></li>
<li><a href="Wilson_disease_protein" title="Wilson disease protein">ATP7B</a></li>
<li><a href="Ceruloplasmin" title="Ceruloplasmin">Ceruloplasmin</a></li>
<li><a href="SLC31A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC31A1">SLC31A1</a></li>
<li><a href="ATOX1" title="ATOX1">ATOX1</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Zinc_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc metabolism">Zinc metabolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="TMC6" title="TMC6">TMC6</a></li>
<li><a href="TMC8" title="TMC8">TMC8</a></li>
<li><a href="SLC30A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC30A1">SLC30A1</a></li>
<li><a href="SLC39A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A4">SLC39A4</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Electrolyte" title="Electrolyte">Electrolyte</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sodium_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium metabolism">Sodium metabolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="Na+/K+-ATPase">Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Phosphate_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphate metabolism">Phosphate metabolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Phosphoric_acids_and_phosphates" title="Phosphoric acids and phosphates">Phosphoric acids and phosphates</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium metabolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Magnesium_transporter" title="Magnesium transporter">Magnesium transporter</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Calcium_metabolism" title="Calcium metabolism">Calcium metabolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Calcium-sensing_receptor" title="Calcium-sensing receptor">Calcium-sensing receptor</a></li>
<li><a href="Calcium-binding_protein" title="Calcium-binding protein">Calcium-binding protein</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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